I gathered so much about his journey throughout the book, but the problem with this approach, to me, is that he doesn't really grow as a character. Paul gains new abilities, but his tone is the same at the beginning as it is at the end. No character really grows, it seems, except Feyd Rautha, which is kind of silly.
> Also, the emphasis on politics, and the crossover between feudal and SF tropes.
I wish there was more of an emphasis on this. The whole story is painted against a great backdrop of this struggle between the different houses, and the emperor. This is repeatedly mentioned and some story points rely on it, yet, there is no explanation as to how it came to be and how the system actually works.
I also cannot help but see plot holes. For example, why does the emperor not take complete control of the spice production? Has nobody in the universe except for Paul figured out that whoever controls the spice, controls everything? That they can hold it hostage? Given, that everyone relies on the spice, why hasn't anyone but the Fremen figured out where it comes from? It seems that the spice has been a huge part of literally everything that the noble houses, the spacing guild, the Bene Gesserit, etc. do. Yet nobody bothered to look beyond the spice fields and actually figure out all the stuff that it turns out the Fremen already knew.
You have a point about Paul, though he arguably evolves in the following book.
The Emperor doesn't take control of spice production partly because of the Landsraad, which exists precisely to keep the ruling House in check, and partly because of the Spacing Guild, which is arguably the true power behind the scenes.
No House can truly do anything without the Spacing Guild because space travel is impossible without them. At the start of the Dune saga, the whole political universe depends on this equilibrium, which is strictly enforced. Navigators are, of course, aware of their dependence on the spice and of the importance of Arrakis.
The Fremen and what they represent is ignored because of racism. This is also a point of the book. Nobody wants to see what's in front of them. This is especially shown from the point of view of the Harkonnen, which only slowly begin to realize the parallels between the Fremen and the imperial Sardaukar.
> I also cannot help but see plot holes. For example, why does the emperor not take complete control of the spice production?
To expand on what the sibling poster said, the Emperor cannot take complete control of spice production - the Guild would never allow it. He has what he thinks is necessary and sufficient control. Remember that it was the Emperor who gave stewardship of the planet to the Atreides, in collaboration with his lackeys, the Harkonnens, and that the Emperor and his allies had amassed huge stockpiles of spice while planning to intentionally disrupt spice production and thereby make the Atreides unpopular.
He could not assume further control than he had for a variety of reasons. One reason is the ecology of Dune - remember that most of the Fremen were so adapted to the environment that neither the Harkonnens nor the Emperor apparently even realized most of them existed, because they considered huge swaths of the planet to be uninhabitable, and for good reason. Let alone the desert itself, remember the huge storms and the sandworms were pretty frequently destroying even massive industrial equipment and killing people daily. (The Fremen were also involved, but it seems that this was downplayed and often attributed to the environment.) The second reason is that the Guild has a very specific political agenda that principally involved their access to spice and keeping the extent of their dependency on it a secret.
The Guild was totally aware the power that someone who controlled the spice would have - that's why they went to great lengths to prevent anyone from gaining total control over spice production and export. As you see at the end of Dune, the Guild have a very limited political agenda, but in the end, they hold real power in the Dune universe. The Emperor and the Landsraad are helpless without the Guild, and the Guild knows it.
Additionally, remember that the Fremen were paying huge bribes to the Guild to keep certain secrets.
> The whole story is painted against a great backdrop of this struggle between the different houses, and the emperor.
The Landsraad is not exactly in conflict with the Emperor. The Landsraad is subordinate to the Emperor and part of his power structure in a way that say, the Guild or the Bene Gesserit are not. The Landsraad and the Emperor control CHOAM, the prime economic mover and shaker, together. What the Landsraad would fear, if it came to pass, is if the Emperor tried to consolidate his power by taking out the Houses one by one, which he does not try until Dune (in part because he fears the consolidation of the Landsraad power under the Atreides), and then only cautiously under the Harkonnen banner. The Landsraad are perfectly content to go along with the Emperor as long as they believe he's not going after them.
> Also, the emphasis on politics, and the crossover between feudal and SF tropes.
I wish there was more of an emphasis on this. The whole story is painted against a great backdrop of this struggle between the different houses, and the emperor. This is repeatedly mentioned and some story points rely on it, yet, there is no explanation as to how it came to be and how the system actually works.
I also cannot help but see plot holes. For example, why does the emperor not take complete control of the spice production? Has nobody in the universe except for Paul figured out that whoever controls the spice, controls everything? That they can hold it hostage? Given, that everyone relies on the spice, why hasn't anyone but the Fremen figured out where it comes from? It seems that the spice has been a huge part of literally everything that the noble houses, the spacing guild, the Bene Gesserit, etc. do. Yet nobody bothered to look beyond the spice fields and actually figure out all the stuff that it turns out the Fremen already knew.