Really, it's just a rephrasing of the meaning-of-life question, which itself is, as far as I understand it, incoherent; "what is the proper utility function" is a value judgement, and thus can only be answered by someone who already has a utility function by some means or another. (Even questions like "do you want your posthuman descendants to have this utility function or that" depend on the parts of our utility functions that finds comfort in familiarity, or interest in novelty, etc.)

Assuming that the less universally-agreed-upon aspects of our utility functions are mostly built during childhood through social interaction, whether you're better off in "culture" or a subculture depends entirely on which one you end up adapting yourself to. It's sort of like asking whether a refrigerator is better off plugged into 120V/60Hz or 240V/50Hz power: it depends entirely on which power system the refrigerator was designed for. Except, in a way, we design ourselves. I think the most important takeaway is that children should be made aware of the grand choice they are making, in hewing themselves to the mold of one reward system or the other; and of what sort of efforts they'll have to make, and games they'll have to play, to achieve happiness within one or the other system.