The author did not do a good job delving into what exactly do these phrases mean. They mean different things to different people. If you are in a working class neighborhood, you value hard work as you see the consequences of unemployment, drug abuse, alcoholism, and poverty. You value hard work to escape poverty. If you are an incredibly successful and wealthy, you will readily admit that luck played a large part in your success. You see many people who worked just as hard or even harder, but fortune smiled on you and not them.