As far as I know, it uses "machine-oriented" data representation when it can (sufficiently small integers, inexact numbers) and promotes to arbitrary-precision representation when it has to (larger integers, non-integer rationals). I don't know how much more OP expects out of "math-oriented" numbers than what's explicitly listed (no overflow, rational division).

There exists a matrix library, but it might be lacking some desired operations. I'm not sure what OP means by having "equation" as a type.