As far as I understand LSD greatly increases neuroplasticity, your brain's ability to form new connections between neurons. You temporarily reset the weights in your neural network, so you get a chance to "jump out of the groove you're in". Whether that leads to a permanent change probably depends on what your patterns were before, and what new ways of thinking you come across during your trip. Basically were you in a local optimum before, and did you happen across a better (maybe even global) optimum during the trip instead?