Circular citations of Wikipedia articles do not prove that Catalonia existed for the very short period of time you claim. I would suggest reading about the revolutionary period.

I have cited a well regarded first hand account of the period.

Your claim that Catalonia has no history of independence is simply wrong.

Ok, maybe you can give an indication of what is the period of independence of Catalonia and a reference.

You mentioned Orwell’s “On Catalonia” but I’m not aware of such a book. I guess you mean “Homage to Catalonia” but I don’t know what makes you think that the region was independent during the Spanish Civil war. Orwell clearly thought he was in Spain.

(Edit: by the way, I don’t know where do you see the circularity of the references in the wikipedia links. Are you suggesting that these proclamations didn’t happen?)

You're right, I am referring to Homage to Catalonia. The title itself would seem to suggest he was writing about Catalonia, wouldn't it?

To be clear, I have never suggested that Catalonia didn’t exist. But what about those references on Catalonia being independent apart from these short-lived attempts in 1931 and 1934?

(Edit: Orwell also wrote “The road to Wigan pier”. Do you think that Wigan was a city-state?)