I agree... there's not much more they can do to scale since off die is still slow. Unless they stitch across the exposure boundary!
However, they have been at the reticle limit since they were in 28nm. GM200 (980 Ti and Titan X) was 601 mm^2 at TSMC... the maximum possible at the time.
Part of the chipmaking process is burning layers into wafers covered in photoreceptive material. Photomasks/reticles used to cover entire wafers making many units at once, but now the processes are so small they have to compress the image (4-10 times is typical), burn a couple units, step over repeat on the same wafer. This GPU is so large, they can only fit 1 of them in a single burn step.
It's something along the lines of the film size for the super fancy camera they use in one of the steps. (The silicon wafer would be the equivalent of the entire roll of film.)
Very possible, a few places are already predicting it.
All the major news stations would love that scenario. Each station gets to broadcast the news they want to say without that pesky little social media providing information that may counter what they are saying.
It doesn't really seem so, or at least they seem no better or worse than what's been released already.
Trump supporters have been waiting months for the Wikileaks bombshell, October^H^H^H^H^H^H^H, errr.. November surprise, that will destroy Hillary and put her behind bars, implicating her in arms sales, pay for play access to the government, treason and if you follow the crazies, pedophile child trafficking and satanic cults.
Each time, the next batch is going to be the one with the damning information that brings her down, and each batch it's more of the same.
Sure, the contents don't speak well of Hillary, her team, or the media (and I think based on her actions she probably shouldn't be allowed near any sort of classified information again), but these are not the damning bombshells people have been fantasizing about, and those bombshells likely don't exist, because if they did, they would have been released well before millions of people had already voted, and not on the eve of the election.
> if they did, they would have been released well before millions of people had already voted, and not on the eve of the election.
Assange has claimed multiple times, that he thinks these elections are a farce... Perhaps he knows some things you and me don't.
BTW, I'm not a trump supporter (not even a US citizen), but I don't think Clinton is better than him, at least for the rest of the world. Trump talks a lot, but his administration will probably be more or less the continuation of the Bush/Obama policies, particularly the foreign policy...
> I'm not a trump supporter (not even a US citizen)
Me too!
With Hillary I think American foreign policy will definitely be a continuation (she was the person in charge of it for 4 years), and that's not such a good thing for the rest of the world.
At least with Trump there is the possibility that things could change. I also quite like his ideas around addressing corruption in politics, though again as you mentioned, whether or not he'd be able to actually do anything about it if elected is a different matter entirely.
Release a huge pile of emails no one will have time to vet, the day before an election, after millions have already voted. A fiendishly diabolical plan, Mr. Assange!
Private emails... From political parties, public representatives and lobbyists. These are VERY PUBLIC people. IMO, these people should not enjoy having a private life in the first place, because, as the Podesta emails show, they end up using their political career as a way to get more money and power, NOT to serve the People.
Unfortunately, parachutes on the cargo version aren't armed during launch (would be bad if they accidentally deployed) so it'll have smashed into the ocean and broken up.
From the PR (and early test) angle: Is it possible to add the escape mechanism the cargo version? Perhaps this has no economical sense, but after the explosion it's better to write: "The main rocket suffered a RUD, the mission is canceled, but Buster would have survived."
The Launch Abort System (LAS) is heavy, and since it requires Dragon V2, which includes more systems only required for human missions, the overall system mass is even higher than "just" the LAS. Heavy is extremely expensive, ergo it does not make sense economically to equip the cargo version with the LAS. Simply said, the chance of failure multiplied with the cost of the cargo is less than the extra cost an LAS on every mission would mean.
Although, given that rocket launch failure is a fact of life anyway, then putting the LAS on unmanned payloads means you get a much higher chance of testing it for real. Which means you have a much higher chance of knowing whether it'll work when you are in the Dragon it's attached to, which I reckon is a good thing.
Also, I thought the whole point of the Dragon v2 launch escape system was it uses the engines and fuel already in Dragon for orbital manoeuvring and landing; even the unmanned version is going to be using that. So it shouldn't be that heavy.
Because of the LAS, Dravon v2 has to carry more fuel than v1. And it's not only the rocket motors that are heavy, but the supporting equipment and structure (peak loads are different for some parts of the structure). All of that leads to higher mass. The v2 is not just a v1 + LAS rocket motors, but in large parts a severly altered design.
As for having a chance to test the systems: That's what the recent pad abort test (and subsequent in-flight tests) are for. Plus, the engines, being liquid engines, are each tested prior to installing them on the spacecraft. You'll need to do that anyway, and you are always hoping that you'll never need to use that system (does not fully apply to Dragon v2 since they intend to use the LAS system for landing the capsule with the rockets some time in the future).
I still say it does not make sense to equip a cargo mission with LAS capability. (Disclosure: I'm an aerospace engineering student, M.S., so it's an educated guess rather than a theory on my part)
Sidenote: Solid LAS systems, as used on most other capsule systems, cannot be tested like liquid systems. You'll need a comparative test with built-alike motors but cannot test the same system that will be installed in the spacecraft.
I took the class (6.828) last semester at MIT, and the labs do a great job of handling a lot of the annoying x86 stuff so that you can focus on the more interesting parts of writing an OS.
I know this because for the final project my partner and I ported the OS to 64bit. Although the number of changes was not too large, we spent hours debugging low level x86_64 stuff. Although we learned a lot, I think it is a good idea the labs provide the boilerplate.
The only thing I found annoying was his pet peeve about "the internet being down". I might tell someone that to get the idea across. Of course, I could say that "I was unable to establish a TCP/IP connection with the web server", but saying "the internet is down" is much simpler.
Then again, I correct people when they call the computer tower a "CPU" or "Hard Drive", so I'll give him the benefit of the doubt.
It's disheartening that despite the continual stream of information pouring in about the NSA the average citizen remains comparatively indifferent and the media and most representatives seem to be supportive of the NSA's activities.
That being said, I wouldn't go as far as to say the average American doesn't care, just that their reaction in light of these leaks is underwhelming. I don't believe that the slide towards total surveillance (or anything for that matter) is inevitable, but I would much appreciate confronting mass surveillance now as opposed to 10-20 years down the road.
1. American citizens do not believe the people running the US government are or could become corrupt;
2. They haven't considered, or are not bothered by the fact that their habits will be shaped by the fact that someone is watching;
3. They believe the infrastructure will be used against anything that represent existential threats (terrorism), grave injustice (child pornography) or grave moral threat (a fringe political group);
4. Despite the fact that the definition of terrorism is quite fluid and could be used to target any stand against the government (as opposed to against the country itself), they don't want another 9/11 and see the apparatus as necessary to prevent it;
5. They believe the USG chooses sides in international conflicts based on moral considerations, and not realpolitik which often hurts them later (see: Al Qaeda)—or are comfortable with amoral positions as long as they benefit the country in the bottom line;
6. They do not believe those in power can change their minds in the future;
7. They don't believe in authorities framing innocent persons;
8. My favorite, one-track point of discussion here: Americans are slightly xenophobic. So they're fairly happy to know the US has a big machine to track and all those pesky foreigners and keep their countries nice and obedient.
And it's not like the beliefs are unfounded. The US government has generally been good for its citizens. The only truly harmful actions of the USG have been targeted at other countries. You don't feel threatened until a drone kills your teenage son. But while your government does that thousands of miles away from you, it's easy to be forgiving of all that.
Americans are not used to systemic corruption and tyranny, so they don't have the framework to consider their state becoming authoritarian or totalitarian.
Regarding #1, if you've looked at Americans' confidence in Congress lately [1] it seems exceedingly unlikely that Americans perceive their elected officials as incorruptible. In fact, that has mostly been the case post-Watergate.
> "Americans are not used to systemic corruption and tyranny, so they don't have the framework to consider their state becoming authoritarian or totalitarian."
I agree, and I'll add that since the US is still a relatively young country whose present form of government has been in existence since shortly after its inception, Americans have trouble mentally disassociating their opinion of America--its culture, its people, its common beliefs--with their opinion of American government. In countries where citizens have lived to see multiple governments come and go, this is much easier to do. Americans, however, seem to have a hard time loving their country but hating their government, even when their government actively works to undermine and destroy some of the best qualities of their country.
In a 2013 poll, people who could name their own Congressman approved of them 2 to 1: http://www.gallup.com/poll/162362/americans-down-congress-ow.... This is basically the most telling poll out of any. The people who can name their Congressman are probably the people who vote regularly, and out of those people, the vast majority support maintaining the status quo.
It is never their politician that is the problem. Its all those other politicians you see. Nevermind that a good portion of those "other politicians" are from the same party and more or less vote the same way...
My hypothesis is that people are (mostly) not subjected to the election time advertising campaigns of other (nearly identical) politicians. Their politician is from a small town just like theirs and has a cute dog and a nice family! That other senator from the next state over? Who knows, he's almost certainly a scumbag.
Interesting, thanks for the link. There are very likely some hometown bias effects as well, but my speculation is that Congress as a whole is judged by different standards than a person's congressional representative. The former, I would imagine, would tend to be judged by its actions (and how they are portrayed by others), while an individual congressman can be judged based on how well a person identifies with him or her (something not possible to do with a large heterogeneous group of people).
Whatever the cause, it's a fascinating dissonance.
If I'm a Republican, and I have a Republican congressman, I like him because he represents my views, for the most part. I dislike Congress as a whole because half of it disagrees with my views, and the half that does agree with them is hamstrung by the half that does not.
Despite the rhetoric of "both parties are the same" people really only care about a few issues, which the parties differ on: taxes, welfare, religion, education, social issues, etc. I just got hassled on the street today by a college-aged male to support planned parenthood. Who do you think he votes for? Why? What does he think of Congress?
Nothing has happened to the "average" American citizen yet as a result of this. No one's gone to jail, no one's been arrested, no one's been "silenced".
Combine that with the general US notion (a notion existent since the Munroe Doctrone in the early 19th century) of isolationism, and you've got an explanation for why we're generally okay with this.
> That being said, I wouldn't go as far as to say the average American doesn't care, just that their reaction in light of these leaks is underwhelming.
Classic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_frog situation. What is now somehow acceptable, would have been outrageous a dozen years ago. In a few months' time people will have accepted that the NSA is spying on US citizens without a warrant.
This is why it is inevitable that the US will become a totalitarian surveillance state - if the political establishment chooses to go down that road.
Except it was worse 30-50 years ago. Do you really think what the NSA is doing now compares, vis-a-vis outrage (not scale), to what the FBI was doing in the 1960's? To analogize to the OWS protests, you think anything that happened with that is as bad as the Kent State shootings in 1970?
You think 4th amendment rights are being violated now, back then Prohibition Bureau agents were just sweeping houses looking for illegal alcohol. Seriously, watch the video. It should be eye-opening for anybody who thinks that the trajectory of this country has been towards less freedom and more corruption.
I don't see a boiling frog situation, I see the opposite: people getting more used to stronger protections against government and reacting more strongly to lesser outrages. That doesn't mean the outrages are less valid, but rather it means that the defeatism inherent in the "boiling frog" analogy is unwarranted.
Hmm.. let's not criticize the situation now because it was much worse in the past. But I'm not shocked you used that argument given your apologist comments on other posts related to the National Sorority Agency on HN.
You might have a point if I was arguing that the NSA spying isn't bad because the FBI used to be worse. But I'm specifically responding to the "boiling frog" reference in lazyjones's post. The whole premise of the "boiling frog" is that things get worse for the frog over time, but slowly enough that it doesn't notice until it's cooked. The boiling frog analogy, and various slippery-slope lines of reasoning, seem quite inconsistent to me with the general trajectory of civil liberties over the last 100 years.
It's a very good argument, because the suggestion that we've abandoned some golden age of individual liberty in the US is not rooted in fact. The individual has far more standing in conflict with the state than used to be the case.
It might have stirred some opposition in August of 2001, but by September of 2001 people were pretty united in the desire to punish the perpetrators of 9/11 by any available means.
> It's disheartening that despite the continual stream of information pouring in about the NSA the average citizen remains comparatively indifferent
The reality is that tens of millions of Americans are struggling to make ends meet, working multiple jobs, juggling credit cards, mortgage payments, car payments and trying to get by with little to no healthcare.
These people are too swamped by the day to day to have the time or energy to look around at the bigger picture. Life is too hard already.
Schneier linked to a study that might explain why some people don't seem concerned about their information being collected for secret government programs.
It's difficult to illustrate the harm of NSA spying. In principle mass surveillance is wrong. But in practice it the effect on the average citizen is minimal to non-existent. The vast majority of surveilled people continue on normally, they work, play and live the same - i.e., the consequences of government spying on the individual level are not immediate and apparent.
Unfortunately I don't think we'll see mass popular opposition until a clear misuse of these spy powers occurs. Something similar to Watergate where a high-ranking government official uses their surveillance powers to further a personal political agenda. Unfortunately by the time it gets that bad it may be too late for reform. The next generation of mass surveillance tools will undoubtably be far more intrusive and effective. Which is why we need to agitate now against these surveillance programs.
> I wouldn't go as far as to say the average American doesn't care,
I would. Or, rather, considering only Americans who are upset about this sort of thing, they don't care enough to spend time on this, and expose themselves to risk.
For a given action (say, protesting), you have to measure the cost and the benefit.
We are incredibly rich compared to the people who protested in large numbers in the past, in the sense that we have more to lose, so the cost is higher than it has been in the past.
I believe that there's also an element of "what could I do?", in that there's no path to making a difference. Maybe I speak only for myself, but it's not at all clear what action I could take that would have a significant effect on political things I care about: the times when something went the way I would prefer, I clearly had nothing to do with it, and the times when I acted, nothing came of it (except mild or moderate cost to me personally), so I need to see or create a realistic plan before I work at it again. So, considering the likelihood of making a difference combined with the worth of the difference, the benefit side is similarly lacking.
A kind of exhaustion results from the constant drumbeat of scandals and horror stories and outrage porn, and I believe modern media consumers and internet readers are numb. There are so many terrible things happening at every level that it's just not clear where to begin, and adding the NSA revelations to it doesn't help simplify. Were so many terrible things happening in the 1950s? I think they were, but since the average citizen didn't hear about the vast majority of them, when they did hear, there was a clear call to action about it, and some answered that call. At this point, any action I take has to include a justification about why I didn't act yesterday -- what makes this time different; why is this problem worth spending money and time and potentially risking my freedom or health?
I think a lot of people think the fears are overblown, that government is basically perpetually inept but well-intentioned, and even if they do capture everyone's data, they can't possibly make sense out of all of it or connect all the dots on each of us meaningfully & use that to impinge on our liberties.
I, of course, think that's dangerous and short-sighted thinking and there are higher principles at stake here (and for the future), but I get a strong inkling a lot of folks shrug and feel this way. My wife, for instance.
A buddy of mine said that he thinks it might because of things like FB, there are now so many people that just have no expectation of privacy. He might be onto something.
